Coursework The Great Experiment

Feynman leaned back in his expensive vintage leather chair brought over from his home in Huston Texas. He knew it had been an indulgence even mildly pompous but he was about to solve the question of life and he figured he could afford some indulgence. He looked over his left shoulder out through a huge custom built glass screen along the whole left wall of his office at his magnificent baby. This was no ordinary baby. His baby had taken 20 years and 4. 5 billion dollars to come into life and yesterday it had. It had been with great pride that he had finally thrown the switch that had started its working life. A lot of critics and flat earthers had expressed deep set opposition to the world's greatest and most expensive experiment. But Feynman himself had no doubts whatsoever; he had won a Nobel Prize for the theory behind the experiment and had managed its construction from the start. If there was a problem he would have known and he had every confidence in not only his own work but also the combined intellect of thousands of scientists, engineers, and mathematicians. The project had attracted the crime de la crime of the world's best. He looked again through his panoramic glass wall at the machine itself, In fact he was only looking at one critical part of the machine. Alice was the name given to the huge Atlas detector that was the heart of the machine and the project. Its purpose was nothing less than to answer the question why do we have mass? It would finally prove there was no God. The only God Feynman believed in was Physics and higher maths. His 46 meter seven thousand ton Alice was to him a beautiful construction. The collider itself of which Alice was merely only a part stretched out over 26 kilometres running in a circle underneath the border between Switzerland and France at a depth of 100 meters. Like a giant hidden crop circle the machine was the biggest of its kind anywhere in the world. The complexity of the machine was incredible, millions of wires each vital stretched into the distance, thousands of components melded together in this creation of all creations. But it was mans creation, Feynman's creation. His very own version of intelligent design. The concept that the creationists had for so long held onto. Feynman looked down at the first data reserved for his eyes only. He was the only man that knew , he would have to tell them. His heart rate quickened, he began to sweat, he began to feel a rising bile, he began to realise what he had done, what they had done. There had always been a theoretical possibility of course but it always had seemed so ridiculous. The maths just didn't work. Feynman and his team had laughed about it over the years but it was no laughing matter now. The popular press had called their search, the search for the God particle. They had found that sure enough. But it was no loving God, this god wasn't going to solve our problems, answer our questions offer an everlasting afterlife. Feynman knew the tiny subatomic black hole would grow from something so small, so infinitesimally tiny it couldn't be seen with a microscope to something that, in time would devour everything. Every forest, every house, every school, man woman and child would all go. Every particle that made this world this existence, this life would go. Not now, not tomorrow but in time and it was starting now. He had to tell them.

Politics and Film: Role of the President in Films Compared to Reality Essay

Concept of the American Presidency in Law 2   We start with a quote from Clinton Rossiter in his book The American Presidency   (1987).   What he said about the American President then remains true today. He remains today, as he has always been, the ceremonial head of the government of the United States, and he must take part with real or apparent enthusiasm in a range of activities that would keep him running and posing from sunrise to bedtime if he were not protected by a cold-blooded staff.   Some of these activities are solemn or even priestly in nature; others, through no fault of his own, are flirtations with vulgarity. The long catalogue of public duties that the Queen discharges in England, the President of the Republic in France, and the Governor-General in Canada, is the President’s responsibility in this country, and the catalogue is even longer because he is not a king, or even the agent of one, and is therefore expected to go through some rather undignified paces by a people who think of him as a combination of scoutmaster, Delphic oracle, hero of the silver screen, and father of the multitudes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States Constitution provides for the powers and duties of the Chief Executive in Article 2. (US Constitution)   It is in that document where the term, qualifications and primary duties of the American President is primarily written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Notably, the Article presents the American President as the Commander in Chief, the Chief Appointing Officer, the Chief Foreign Minister and the Chief Executive as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the Commander in Chief, he can call citizens into actual service of the United States. As the Chief Appointing Officer, he has the power to appoint public ministers and consuls, Ambassadors, Judges of the Supreme Court and all other officers of the United States subject to qualifications also written in the Constitution. As the Chief Foreign Minister, he also has the power to enter into treaties.  Ã‚   This power to enter into treaties is limited by the Constitution through the requirement that Advice and Consent be given by the Senate.   This consent is manifested by the required two-thirds concurrence needed in order to pass the treaty.   In the exercise of this function, the President receives Ambassadors and Public Ministers.   This is commonly seen in State Dinners and Parades that are hosted by the White House for visiting foreign heads of state. Lastly, as the Chief Executive he has the power to grant reprieves and pardons. He also has the duty from time to time to give Congress the Information as to the State of the Union.   This is the more popular address by the President to the Congress known as the State of the Union Address.   This enumeration is in no way exclusive.   The power of the chief executive is further elucidated in the study of Constitutional Law.   These powers are limited by the Constitution but continually defined by the statues, executive orders and by jurisprudential law. Concept of the American Presidency in Movies Our concept of the American Presidency is very much molded by the movies we see in Modern Cinema.   Whether it is Michael Douglas playing opposite Annete Benning in the American President or Harrison Ford in his role in Air Force One, the persona of the Presidency is much understood by the laymen using these actor’s works. The American President mentioned above was a movie shown in 1995.   It was a romantic comedy directed by Rob Reiner and written by Aaron Sorkin. It stars Michael Douglas, Annette Bening, Martin Sheen and Michael J. Fox. In the film, Democratic President Andrew Shepherd (Douglas) is a widower who pursues a relationship with a political lobbyist by the name of Sydney Ellen Wade (Benning).   At the same time, Sydney had just moved to Washington to win passage of an environmental bill she is lobbying for. Shepherd is portrayed as an extremely popular president who is seeking to run for re-election with a 63% approval rating.  Ã‚   The President’s men led by his Chief of Staff Aj McInnerny (Martin Sheen) is seeking to make use of this very high approval rating in order to pass a moderate crime bill.   The bill is problematic.   It has little support from both Democratic and Republican Senators.   Republicans and Conservatives do not want the bill while Democratic allies think the bill is too weak to pass.   However, if the administration can pass the bill, the President is almost a sure-win for re-election.   It would show the strength of Shepherd’s popularity. The President of France is featured in the plot when it arrives for a state visit.   The President is placed at an awkward situation when he has to find a date for the event.   His cousin who was supposedly accompanying him suddenly fell ill.   Shepherd was already a widow from the start of the movie. The President’s attention soon focuses on the attractive Sydney Ellen Wade (Bening), who has just moved to Washington, D.C. to work for an environmental lobby in the attempt to persuade the President to pass legislation committing his Administration to substantially reduce carbon dioxide emissions.   The President is intrigued by Wade and a curious and innocent exchange sparks a romantic air between the two.   This is the scene in the Oval Office where Sydney cannot seem to find the right door to leave the office. At the same meeting, Shepherd strikes a deal with Wade: if she can secure a certain number of votes for the environmental bill, he will deliver the rest. He believes Wade will not be able to get enough votes to meet her obligation, thus releasing Shepherd who will be seen to have tried, without being blamed for failing. During the state dinner, as well as subsequent occasions (during which Shepherd acts as pursuer), the couple fell in love. The relationship, as well as Shepherd’s politicking down the middle, results in a decline in his popularity. The President’s precarious situation is exacerbated by the impending failure of his crime bill. Eventually Wade does manage to get enough votes to meet her part of the deal. Before she can tell Shepherd, he discovers that three Congressmen from Michigan are willing to deliver their votes if he shelves the environmental bill. As he is exactly three votes short, with no other apparent options to acquire them, he agrees, betraying Wade, who breaks up with him. The film builds to a climax timed to coincide with the State of the Union, planned as a conciliatory, non-partisan event. However, ruminating on Wade leaving him and his sacrifice of a bill he believes in for the sake of a bill he doesn’t really believe will have much effect, Shepherd has a change of heart. He makes a surprise appearance in the White House press room to rebut the Republican attacks on his values and character, and then sends the controversial environmental bill to Congress, promising that he will write a stronger crime bill in due time, and fight for that as well. His passionate defence of what he believes, in contrast with his earlier moderate conciliation, galvanizes the press room and his staff. His speech writer Rothschild has only half an hour to re-write the State of the Union speech to reflect the new, confrontational tone of the administration – yet seems happy about the challenge. Wade comes back to him, arriving in the Oval Office just before he leaves for the Hill leading to a reconciliation. The movie ends with Shepherd entering the House to rapturous applause.   (Wikipedia, The American President) On the other had, Air Force One is a 1997 action film starring Harrison Ford and Gary Oldman. Ford plays President James Marshall.   In a speech in Moscow, he announces in a speech that the United States will not negotiate with terrorists, after an operation by U.S. and Russian Federation special forces captured the tyrannical leader of Kazakhstan, General Ivan Radek (Jà ¼rgen Prochnow). On his way back to the US, Soviet neo-nationalists posing as a news crew have infiltrated the plane. The terrorists storm the plane and take hostages. Several others are killed during the shootout, including the military officer charged with carrying and protecting the nuclear launch codes of the United States Strategic Command (carried in a briefcase known as the football). The flight crew declares an emergency and prepare to land at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Secret Service agents evacuate the President to an escape pod. At the last moment, Marshall flees the escape pod and retreats to the baggage deck. The terrorists kill the pilots and take control of the plane, which takes off again, to the surprise of standby Ramstein crew. In Washington, D.C, Vice President Kathryn Bennett (Glenn Close) arrives at the White House, assessing the situation alongside the Secretary of Defense Walter Dean (Dean Stockwell) and other officials; they soon learn that Marshall did not board the escape pod. The terrorists call the Vice President, demand the release of General Radek, and threaten to begin executing hostages. Meanwhile, Marshall is still on the plane.   While attempting to call the White House, a second terrorist finds Marshall and detains him; nevertheless, the call reaches the Situation Room. Marshall manages to covertly order an attack on Air Force One so he can subdue the terrorist. The plan works, and Marshall attempts a fuel dump to land the plane. Recognizing the presence of someone on the baggage deck, Korshunov executes Deputy Press Secretary Melanie Mitchell in an effort to force Marshall’s surrender. While two of the terrorists attempt to restore the fuel controls, Marshall slips by and takes another terrorist hostage, using his keys to free the hostages. Korshunov forces the President to call Petrov to secure Radek’s release. In Washington, Dean persuades the Cabinet to sign a Presidential Incapacitation Document, but Bennett refuses to sign it. As Radek’s release is prepared, Marshall and the hostages free themselves and kill the remaining terrorists, but Korshunov captures Grace and also shoots Chief of Staff Shepard and flees to the parachute ramp. In a vicious fight, Marshall manages to eject Korshunov from the aircraft by deploying the latter’s parachute while it is wound around his neck. Marshall calls Petrov before Radek’s release, and prison guards kill the former general as he flees. Kazakh MiG fighter jets loyal to Radek reach Air Force One and inflict serious damage on its engines and maneuvering mechanisms. U.S. fighters intercept and fend off the hostile aircraft just in time to save the President’s plane. With Air Force One unable to land, an air-to-air ropeline rescue is arranged. Before the evacuation can be completed, the plane begins a rapid descent with Marshall, Gibbs, Major Caldwell, and a rescuer. Marshall insists on rescuing his family and then a wounded staff member before he evacuates the plane. Once it is the President’s turn to leave, Gibbs drops all pretense, killing two of the others. Marshall fights with Gibbs, and escapes on the ropeline, leaving Gibbs aboard the 747, which crashes into the sea. The C-130 rescue aircraft announces that it is now â€Å"Air Force One†, and the film ends with the plane flying toward safety with the F-15s flying and the First Family aboard. (Wikipedia, Air Force One (film)) Discrepancy between the Two Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The difference between the concept of the American President we seen on Film and in Reality is surprisingly little.   Moviemakers do not depart a whole lot from the concept of the American President we see in reality in order to create a semblance of such a reality with the viewer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Our discussion on the broad roles of the American President is seen in both movies summarized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of the American President as the Commander in Chief is seen in both movies.   In the American President, Shepherd ultimately orders an attack interrupting his date with Sydney Ellen Wade.   Upon advise of his military generals, Shepherd makes a tough decision of ordering such an attack.   He does this after taking into account the casualties in the lives of innocent civilians working at the military base.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Air Force One, the power is highlighted from the fact that controls to the US military arsenal are with the President.   One of the guards holding the computer to access such controls is killed in one of the shootouts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of the American President as the Chief Foreign Minister is seen in the American President.   The visit by the President of France plays a central role in the movie.   This is the pivotal moment when President Shepherd asks Sydney to go out with him.   This part of the movie exhibits the role of the President in receiving heads of states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of the American President as the Chief Executive Officer is seen in both movies.   In the American President, President Shepherd ends the movie in thunderous applause by addressing Congress in his State of the Union Address.   In Air Force One, we seen this aspect of the Presidency when the Joint Chiefs of Staff asks the vice president to take over the duties of the Presidency.   This exhibits the limits of the presidency and situation of vacancy upon death, resignation, or incapacity of the President. Conclusion Our concept of the American Presidency is very much molded by the movies we see in Modern Cinema.   Whether it is Michael Douglas playing opposite Annete Benning in the American President or Harrison Ford in his role in Air Force One, the persona of the Presidency is much understood by the laymen using these actor’s works. The difference between the concept of the American President we seen on Film and in Reality is surprisingly little.   Moviemakers do not depart a whole lot from the concept of the American President we see in reality in order to create a semblance of such a reality with the viewer. References: Rossiter, C. (1987).   The American Presidency. USA: The John Hopkins University Press. The United States Constitution Wikipedia (8 November 2007). The American President. Retrieved November 12, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_President. Wikipedia (11 November 2007). Air Force One (Film). Retrieved November 12, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One_%28film%29.

Humanities-Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece and Roman civilization comparison The first Olympic games were held in Olympia, Greece. These games were part of the â€Å"Panhellenic Festival, instituted in 776 B. C. E in honor of the Greek gods†. The Olympic games occur in an every â€Å"four-year periods beginning with the first games in 776 B. C. E. † The Greeks had many sports such as, â€Å"200-yard sprint, footrace, wrestling, long jump, and boxing. † Greek athletes competed nude. However, women were not allowed to compete in the Olympic games. The Greeks believed that a â€Å"true sport was that which gave athletes an opportunity to rival the divinity of the gods. In contrast to Greece, the Romans had a â€Å"variety of brutal blood sports. † Gladiator fights were â€Å"introduced in Rome in 264 B. C. E. † These games would symbolize the power of the emperors. In Rome, these events were held in the Coliseum. Gladiators fought wild animals. â€Å"Most Gladiators were crimin als, prisoners of war, or slaves. † They were trained in schools and were forced to take part in the events. The Olympic games and Gladiator fights are different because in Greece it was mostly sport festivals, while in Rome it was representation to honor the emperors.Greek architecture monuments were designed to serve the living. One of the many type of Greek architectural structures is the Parthenon. It is a temple dedicated to Athena, the goddess of war. Built in glittering Pentelic marble. The Parthenon represents the â€Å"apex of a long history of post-and-lintel temple building among the Greeks. † The functions of the Parthenon, was to â€Å"display statues of the gods, for the rulers to go and sacrifice and worship in as a recognition of the protection provided by the gods. In contrast, Roman architecture reflected the practical needs of the empire. The Romans are considered one of the greatest architects of ancient times. Also the Romans made good use of the à ¢â‚¬Å"aqueducts, arches, vaults and domes. † For example, the Pantheon is â€Å"a temple dedicated to the seven planetary deities. † Its exterior is covered with a â€Å"veneer of white marble and bronze. † The Pantheon has many features such as, â€Å"a portico with eight Corinthian columns originally elevated by a flight of stairs that now lie buried beneath the city street. Greek and Roman architecture are similar because Roman architecture was based on the knowledge of the Greeks. Although there’s a difference because Greeks used single row columns for actual structural support, while the Romans were progressing technologically and using rows of concrete columns for luxury purposes. The arts in Greek were based on Humanism, Realism, and Idealism. The Greeks used the abstract geometric methods in their paintings. For example, Greek artists painted their â€Å"ceramic wares with angular figures and complex geometric patterns arranged to enhance the sha pe of the vessel. Greeks painted mythology, literature, and everyday life in â€Å"waters jars, wine jugs, storage vessels, drinking cups and bowls. † In contrast, the Roman art was based in Pictorial Realism paintings. The Romans decorated their â€Å"meeting halls, baths, and country villas that were inspired by Greek murals. † Roman art was illustrated in mosaics. This is a technique by which â€Å"small pieces of stone or glass are embedded into wet cement surfaces or plaster surfaces. † Also Romans illustrated landscapes to show affection to their pleasure of nature.It’s clear that Greek art and Roman art are different because both civilizations used different techniques for their art and showed different interested in what they were trying to portray in their paintings. Roman art was based in Realism while Greek art was more Idealistic. Greek literature was based in the Classical Style in Poetry. This is a combination of the â€Å"arts prevailed in most forms of religious ritual and in public and private entertainment. † For example, Hellenic literature was filled with passion and tenderness written in lyric poetry. In contrast, Roman literature reveals a masterful use of Latin literature.Romans use literature for the purposes of â€Å"entertainment, instruction, and record keeping. † A Roman notable style of literature is the Roman Epic Poetry style. For example, â€Å"Rome’s foremost poet-publicist, Virgil wrote the semi legendary epic that immortalized Rome’s destiny as world ruler. † Virgil’s poems were not an oral tradition but a literacy epic. His work became the â€Å"monumental impact of Latin language. † Greek literature and Roman Literature are similar because they both include comedies, poetry and epics. Also Greek literature dealt with myths while Roman Literature was based on triumphs.

Current Event HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Event HR - Essay Example According to the author, the term 'human resource' dates back to the beginning of the 20th century when people were literally considered capital assets. However, times have changed and so do a perception of employees. Nevertheless, the author claims that a change in perception appears to be a subject of dispute since the same term is used by a vast majority of companies till present. The most interesting aspect of the article for me is a question if a perception of employees actually changed over time or not? The author seems to be stuck in between being not able to say for sure if transformation of job titles is an outcome of changes of the perception, or a push promising those changes in the nearest future. It is not subject to debate that employers no longer see their employees as capital assets, but still we cannot be sure that our society has already reached a point where a people-centric approach is considered the only acceptable one. The author refers to examples involving suc h world recognized companies as Google, LinkdIn, Cisco, and Walmart in order to demonstrate an extent of transformation discussed in the article. Taking into account that the companies he names are believed to be so-called trend setters within a global business community, the author makes a logic conclusion that a lot of positive changes have already happen and even more of them are about to come. To my point of view, the subject discussed in the paper is of a greater importance than it may seem at first glance.

ITM 301 Mod 5 CBT Principles of Information Systems in Business and Essay

ITM 301 Mod 5 CBT Principles of Information Systems in Business and Organizations - Essay Example So these are very effective in improving organizational performance (Jackson, 2006). Groupware applications are also decision support systems that include Collaboration tools with additional facilities regarding this type of decisions. They provide time management, project management systems, workflow systems, knowledge management systems and lot of other facilities that useful for organization decision making. You only have to load the project related data, these system analyze time line, resources, and other planning related factors to predict the required results (Adams. et al, 1992). How an organization can choose a groupware application for its working and making its infrastructure more efficient and managed? There are many factors that are needed to elaborate before the choice of groupware application. They include organizational structure and its working design. There are also many difficulties with groupware systems like these are relatively complex systems. The main problem is every person is different from other; dealing with all type of people in a single application is really a big challenge. So groupware applications are designed in such a way that they can address all people requirements (Adams. et al, 1992). The problem in many cases is that groupware systems are relatively complex, made up of numerous elements that can be assembled in different ways by different people at different times. Unfortunately, only there are few improvements, but its not always clear in advance what they are, and because systems tend to be implemented in small steps, its often hard to arrive at optimal configurations for these technologies (Jackson, 2006). The reciprocal nature of systems and organizational design processes is that deigning/planning done by a system is more rigid and inflexible as compared to human designed situations. In this case it is complicated that human can

The Worst Print Media Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Worst Print Media Design - Essay Example According to the studies conducted by Palshaw (1986), these companies’ advertisers are trying to reach out to their potential customers through the use of these media. Television advertising, being the most expensive way of promoting products or services, directly approaches the public. However, advertising through television requires ample budget because these TV commercials should be enticing enough in the eyes of the public. TV commercials should be interesting enough, something that would make their imaginative minds work. Moreover, TV commercials should possess qualities that would hit the companies’ goals; thus, making it very specific (Leebron, 1997). Palshaw (1986) added that with the use of radio advertising, the commercial should be better inclined with either a TV or print media so that it could, in a way, better affect the public. Radio advertising also requires a lot of effort on the part of the companies’ advertisers. Print advertising, on the other hand, can also reach out to the public and directly influence its target market only if the print ad itself is evoking enough. Palshaw (1986) concluded that the best way to promote products or services is through the use of combined or mixed media. For example, a company could promote its products or services using the media cited above. Meaning they can take advantage of TV commercials, simultaneously supported by radio commercials, in addition with print advertising. With this method, the companies can take advantage of every media that reaches out to public market through various waves. And since each of these media have their own advantages and disadvantages, by usin g mixed media, these media compromise each other. In addition, with the use of mixed media advertising, the company can pinpoint exactly which of the advertising methods do most of its integral purpose. Another media that companies could use is, by far, more effective than TV advertising. It is

Toxicology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toxicology - Case Study Example These are antibiotics, miticides and neonicotinoid pesticides. This paper analyzes these three classes of chemicals. Neonicotinoids, commonly referred to as neonics, are a rather new variety of pesticides, having been manufactured and marketed for the last twenty or so years. Neonics are systemic pesticides(Hopwood, Vaughan and Shepherd 3). Contrary to contact pesticides that remain on the surface of the plant, systemics are absorbed by the plant and moved to all the tissues of the plant. Neonics can be sprayed at the root of a plant or sprayed onto its foliage. Once applied, neonics remain active for many weeks, protecting the plant throughout the season. Several neonics are sold for application to lawns, pot plants and crops raised in a greenhouse. A miticide, also known as acaricide, is any chemical substance used to control ticks and mites that are not affected by regular pesticides. Miticides are specifically designed to destroy those species of ticks and mites that damage food crops and ornamental plants(Burley 5). Some of the most commonly used miticides include tetradifon, azobenzene and dicofol. Most miticides are designed to kill the eggs and larvae of pests, but some also kill adult pests. Some miticides are known to be poisonous to honeybees and other useful insects. Despite knowledge of this adverse effect of miticides on honeybees, these substances continue to be manufactured and applied to crops widely in the country. An antibiotic is defined as a molecule or an agent that either kills or interferes with the growth of a living thing that is too tiny for the naked eye, also called a microorganism(Hawthorne and Dively 26). These microorganisms include both fungi and bacteria. Selman Waksman first coined the term in 1942 in their journal articles. They used the term to describe any substance that a microorganism produces and inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. "Bactericidal" antibiotics kill bacteria

Bacterial Meningitis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bacterial Meningitis - Research Paper Example Bacterial meningitis can occur at any age. However, it is more common among infants, children and young adults. It is also more common in the elderly people. According to WHO (Cited in Ramakrishnana et al, 48) "two thirds of meningitis deaths in low-income Several species of bacteria cause meningitis and affectation with a particular species depends on the host and the setting. Community-acquired meningitis is usually due to Neisseria meningitides Hemophilus influenzae type-B or pneumococcus species (Ramakrishnana et al, 8). Some of these organisms are commensals in the upper respiratory tract of some healthy people (Tunkel, 1268). Listeria monocytogenes is another important cause of bacterial meningitis and it most commonly affects newborns, pregnant women, immunosuppressed and elderly population (Jacewicz, Merck Manual). Other bacteria causing meningitis include Escherichia coli, Hemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, group-B streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. E.coli and group-B streptococci occur in newborns (Jacewicz, Merck Manual). Pseudomonas infection is more common in the immunosupressed and Staphylococcus infection occurs following injury or surgery. (Jacewicz, Merck Manual) The highest fatality rate is seen in infection due to pneumococcus (Ramakrishnana et al, 48). Certain individuals are at increased risk of developing bacterial meningitis because of their health condition. They are individuals suffering from chronic diseases like ischemic heart disease, chronic liver disease, end-stage renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, endocrine dysfunction and immune disorders. Intake of immunosuppressants or glucocorticosteroids for immunosupression or cancer treatment also increases the risk of development of bacterial meningitis. Other risk factors include head injury,pneumococcal pneumonia, blood disorders like sickle cell anemia, splenectomy and chronic infections of the upper respiratory system. Bacterial meningitis can

How Beyonce Marketing Herself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How Beyonce Marketing Herself - Essay Example They further involve themselves in different industries like from music to fashion industry and further to acting and production houses. One of the most applauded and highly regarded celebrities is Beyonce and her marketing tactics will be discussed in the following paragraphs. Beyonce has received 17 grammy awards that shows her fame in the show business. She markets herself by actively participating in different ventures like the HBO’s documentary Life is but a Dream where she appears with her husband and engages the viewers in her personal life. She further partners with leaders of other industries like Pepsi for a contract to appear in their print ads and commercials further making her constant viewership stronger and her album’s preview easily observable by the public through famous commercials (Davies, 2015). In addition, she uses live broadcasts, live performance in different concerts, talk shows and well-paid celebrity endorsement projects to increase her worth and viewership. Her social campaigns like â€Å"let’s move† and â€Å"pretty hurts† awaken the soft feelings and emotional ties with the socially sensitive people. She markets herself successfully by staying attached to the bigger names of the industry and remaining unique and updated to fascinate the viewers enhancing her image and celebrity worth (Prosthumus, 2015). Prosthumus, M. (2015).  What Marketeers Can Learn from Beyonce - Markante Media.Marug.nl. Retrieved 10 February 2015, from

Book Review - Joshua Rest -Land Won (Turabian Format) Essay

Book Review - Joshua Rest -Land Won (Turabian Format) - Essay Example The author of the book is an accomplished theological writer with more than sixty books already published. Before his death, Jensen held a BA degree from Wagner College and worked for thirty years as professor at Bryan College in Tennessee. This paper is a knowledgeable review of his informative commentary on Joshua and the journey to the Promised Land. Summary of the Content Even for a person who is not acquainted with the book of Joshua, Jensen’s commentary provides a good resource for studying the entire text. In this detailed analysis, the author puts the book of Joshua in its chronological setting. He traces the flow of events through four parts that detail the journey of the Israelites. The central character in this commentary is the biblical Joshua. The author portrays Joshua as a revolutionary leader who was handpicked by God. His main duty was to lead the Israelites through the remaining part of the journey into the Promised Land. The author provides brief biographica l information on Joshua to make the reader acquainted with the kind of leader he was. To take the reader through the journey, Jensen avails a map detailing Joshua’s three campaigns at the beginning of the text. ... The third and fourth parts deal with the issues of inheritance and consecration as outlined in the book of Deuteronomy. Written in a plain and nontechnical style, this eloquent commentary contains a map, an outline, clear annotation, and a very useful bibliography on Joshua. Another valuable aspect of the book is the comparison the author makes between the proceedings in the book of Joshua and the main beliefs of Christianity illustrated by the New Testament. Evaluation of the Text Like many other works of Jensen, this particular commentary employs a clear nontechnical style. This style is easy to follow through and comprehend. What captures the attention of the reader is the way Jensen outlines each progress in the journey to the Promised Land. For instance, before embarking on an analysis of Joshua’s leadership, the author provides information on events preceding the coronation of Joshua as the leader. He then follows with an analysis of the events that follow until the Isra elites settle in the Promised Land. Since the sequence of events is easy to follow through the commentary, Jensen’s work makes an informative read. The author certainly achieves the goal of making the reader understand the journey and conquest from his point of view. According to Jansen’s commentary, the book of Joshua gives Rehab (the harlot who saved the spies) a special place in the conquest.1 This view is emphasized in the book of Mathew (1:5) which reserves a prime place for her in the Messianic history. Another positive about the book is the way Joshua is portrayed as an admirable mentor.2 This is certainly a perspective most Christians ought to take when reading the book of Joshua. Most people read the book of Joshua as a chronological account of the

Learing Secondary Languages should be supported Research Paper

Learing Secondary Languages should be supported - Research Paper Example Linguistic barriers prove to be the biggest barriers in the way of building up of rapport between employees because they are not able to understand one another. This paper explores some of the potential advantages of the knowledge of second language. Learning second language provides an individual with an opportunity to immigrate to the country / countries whose languages are known by him/her. Learning second language is particularly beneficial for people who are nationals of the poor countries because they do not have as many opportunities as available to people who are nationals of such advanced countries as America, Australia, Canada, and Britain. A lot of people belonging to such underdeveloped countries as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh tend to migrate to the richer economies in order to have a better standard of living, and many of them become successful in their endeavors. Once migrated, even if they drive a cab or deliver a pizza, they earn much more than what they did in th eir homeland. They do not need very high paying jobs in order to be convinced to migrate. They become satisfied as long as they are earning more than they did in their own country. Luckily, in a vast majority of cases, they do earn more abroad. However, this opportunity can not be availed by an individual unless he/she has sufficient knowledge of the language spoken in the foreign country. In order to move to UK, an individual is supposed to have attained at least the minimum established score of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), which in a vast majority of cases is 5, though it becomes 6 if the purpose of travel is educational. The minimum score varies from criterion to criterion, though it can not be attained unless the individual has tried to learn the second language in the past. These exams are really tough and one is checked on various linguistic abilities. For example, the four modules of IELTS check an individual’s ability in speaking, reading , writing, and listening English. Thus, an individual is considered eligible for travel only if he/she is sufficiently competent in each of the four areas of language. Once an individual manages to cross this barrier through learning second language, the world is open to him/her and he/she can totally change and improve his/her future abroad. Knowledge of second language boosts the brain power of an individual. â€Å"Children in foreign language programs have tended to demonstrate greater cognitive development, creativity, and divergent thinking than monolingual children† (Peckham). According to Moran and Hakuta (cited in Ukrainian Bilingual Programs), students with knowledge of multiple languages are able to achieve more in such academic tests as the cognitive flexibility, creativity and the Provincial Achievement Exams than students who do not have knowledge of the same. Knowledge of second language is fundamental to the attainment of higher education in foreign countries. Schools and colleges in the underdeveloped countries are not as advanced as the ones in developed countries. There is lack of research, and the paraphernalia of laboratory are not sufficient to inculcate sound knowledge of the concepts in the students. As a result of this, many students opt to study abroad, though knowledge of second

Ad Hope on Identity Essay Example for Free

Ad Hope on Identity Essay Identity, defined as the sense of self, providing sameness and continuity in personality over time and sometimes disturbed in mental illnesses, is a concept frequently explored by Australian poet and essayist Alec Derwent Hope. This is evident in the poems Australia and The Explorers where Hope utilises a number of literary techniques, primarily metaphorical language, to express his understanding of and critiques the nature of identity. Australia is Hopes criticism of Australian society in general and Australia itself. The first five stanzas are spent describing Australia in an extremely negative manner, where Australia is said to be a ‘nation of trees, drab green and desolate grey’, a country that is past the age of celebration. Having lived in both Australia and Europe while on a university scholarship, Hope is able to describe Europe as a ‘lush jungle of modern thought’ and gives us a brief comparison of the two countries. See more: Basic Economic problem of Scarcity Essay Australia revolves around Hopes idea of Australia being too Eurocentric and that Australia should cultivate its own identity rather than mimicking our mother country. This suggests that as individuals, our identities are largely influenced by our parents but instead of simply mirroring them, we should establish our own sense of identity. Hope also describes Australia as ‘a breast still tender but within the womb is dry’, comparing Australia to an older woman who can no longer bare children, implying that externally, we may still seem fruitful and fresh with the opposite being internally. This metaphor of Australia may be referring to the fact that identity does not exist on its own, but as two, as an internal and external identity. The title of the poem ‘The Explorers’ refers to the girls and women journeying through the threatening landscape that is our world. Written in 1939 during a time where women were still seen as weak and inferior to men, Hope further emphasises the fact that both an internal and external identity exists. This can be seen in the poem where Hope writes ‘all those nice young girls, so properly brought up’ showing how on the exterior, women appear to be pure, innocent and polite. This shows how our external identity is shaped and manipulated by society’s expectations and that in order to satisfy these expectations our identities are split into two. The main idea of this poem is how influential and manipulative society can be and is portrayed in this poem as ‘enormous jungles full of eyes and fears’.

The Different Smart Home Technologies

The Different Smart Home Technologies In this report I am going to explain the different smart home technologies EIB also known as KNX and CBUS. I will be giving a full explanation about what each system is capable of and a little about their company background. I will also be comparing both system with the advantages and disadvantages for each system. (Add more) EIB (KNX) System EIB (KNX) is the only worldwide bus system which offers a complete range of transmission media for building control systems, including Twisted Pair, Power line, Radio Frequency (RF), infrared (IR), Coaxial cable and Ethernet IP. This smart home network is designed to work independently on any particular hardware platform. It can be controlled through a network of 8 bit micro controller to a PC. EIB (European Installation Bus) uses the twisted pair functioning which uses a cable with two pairs, using only one pair from the twisted cable for communication. The line voltage for these cables is 36v DC. Each device has a bus coupling unit which is used to connect sensors and actuators to the bus for example a NIC card on a PC. EIB is a field bus technology which is maintained by the Konnex Association. Its topology is the same as the CBUS system. EIB (KNX) has over 176 members and manufacturers in 29 different countries some of which include Ardan smart home, ABB, Armour Home Electronics Ltd, Bosch, Basalte BVBA, CIAT, and many other companies based around the world. You can find the full list of members and manufacturers at: http://www.knx.org/ A field bus is a special form of Local Area Network that implements, not computers but sensors and actuators at its nodes and is optimised for short point to point communication of status and command messages (M C-Wonders). The field bus system is built up in 7 OSI layers (as shown below) which is also known as the protocol stack. However the EIB system does not use all 7 layers it only uses 5 layers (See diagram below) this shows the difference between an OSI Model and the EIB Model. OSI Protocol Stack EIB Protocol Stack Layer 1 The physical layer in the EIB protocol stack defines both the bit by bit transmission of data and the physical media type (how the bits are transmitted depends on the media type) Here is a specification of the twisted pair which is used in the EIB system: RS485 bit communications Twisted pair cable 9.6 kbps 1000m range 64 end devices per line Layer 2 The data link layer defines the device addressing mechanism, making sure each device has its own unique address. It also defines the method of access to the bus arbitration as there must be a control mechanism which has to stop devices from communicating on the bus at the same time. The device address is as follows: Device number: 0 63 Line number: 0 11 Zone number: 0 14 An EIB twisted pair system can only have 15 zones, 12 lines per zone and 64 devices per line. Layer 3 On the Network layer there can only be device to device communications as this allows data packet transmission between devices and connectionless communications. This layer also uses Unicast and Group addressing. Unicast addressing is only used during device installation (system access mode) also using the physical device address. Group address is equivalent of multicast and broadcast addressing as it has normal bus operation mode and allows an input device to control many other grouped output devices. The group address consists of a main group, middle group and a sub group e.g. 2.4.2 Layer 4 The transport layer is responsible for reliable communications as it creates a connection between both the sender and the receiver using positive acknowledgment with retransmission (PAR). The PAR sequence is as follows: A connection between sender and receiver is set up Sender sends data with sequence number Sender waits a set period of time for an Acknowledgment from receiver. If none data is sent again. After 3 attempts to send the data have failed the operation will terminate its connection If the receiver suspects an error at any point it will send and (Nack), which terminates the connection. 2. When all telegrams have been transmitted the connection is terminated. Layer 7 This is the application layer in the EIB protocol. This layer is based around the concept of communication objects. Each device on the networks paired with a software application which has the relevant functions it needs. The application associates objects to particular devices as these objects are the communication methods for EIB which use the group address within the device. Each application on each device stores an association table, this association table links to the group address table and a communication object table for example: Sensor device 1.1.1 sends 1/1/1 to actuators 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 to turn on the actuators (1.1.2 and 1.1.3) Sensor device 1.1.1 sends 1/1/2 to actuators to turn them off Here are some of the advantages of the EIB system with some explanation: It has international standard making it future proof ISO/IEC CENELEC CEN SAC AN SI/A SHRAE With product certification, KNX guarantees interoperability and interworking of products EIB makes sure that each different manufacturer, product and application communicates with each other. Ensuring a high quality of flexibility. High product quality EIB makes sure each manufacturer follows the correct compliances in order gain a KNX Certification. Unique Manufacturer independent Engineering Tool Software (ETS) ETS allows planning, engineering and configuration for all certified products. It is manufacturer independent allowing the system to combine different manufacturers to one installation Can be used with all applications in home and building control EIB can be used for all functions and applications in a home or building control varying from lighting and shutter control to security, ventilation control. Fit for use in different buildings EIB can be easily installed into new or even existing buildings, making it easily extendable making sure it adapts to new needs. Supports different configuration modes E-Mode Easy installation mode S-Mode System installation mode Supports several communication media Twisted pair Power line Radio frequency Ethernet IP Can be coupled to other systems The EIB system can be mapped to BACnet objects or offers a possibility to interface within the DALI technology. Independent form any hard- software technology EIB can be understood on any microprocessor platform and can be implemented from start but only for easy market entrance. It cal also take recourses to providers of the systems components. An EIB system is able to do many things at the touch of one button some examples are shown below: Lighting EIB can store and recall different light moods and scenes by pressing the switch/dim button which controls lights on a central level. Being able to adjust internal lighting according to external brightness levels allows substantial energy savings. Shutters and blinds With automated sun protection, weather protection and time controlled shutters/blinds at the press of a button these can be opened or closed. Weather station This protects the blinds and shutters from destruction by wind, rain or frost, giving automated roof windows closing when raining. It also display wind speed, rain and also temperature and brightness levels. An EIB system can do many things at the touch of a button including heating, ventilation/ climate control, security, overriding functions, communications, and incorporation of audio-visual equipment and also helps in customer service. The twisted pair on the EIB, its bit level collision detection with overriding logical 0 which ensures that in case of a collision, the transmission always succeeds for the communication partners. Some of the disadvantages of the EIB (KNX) system are: can only be controlled through an 8 bit micro controller to a PC only allows up to 64 devices per line can only be device to device communication does not allow loop topologies CBUS System Clipsal BUS (CBUS) is a microprocessor control and management system for homes and buildings. This system is used to control electrical services such as lighting, audio visual devices, motors, etc. Either a simple on/off control for lighting or variable (analogue) type control for example dimmers. CBUS is easily controlled through virtually any type of electrical load. CBUS certifies each of its products has its own built-in microprocessor for reliability and fast operation allowing each unit to be programmed individually. CBUS uses a unique method of updating each unit which involves a method which can not involve a central computer or controller. Each unit device is assigned a specific time frame in which it broadcasts its status which is then synchronised by a self generated system clock pulse. This allows great quantities of data to be passed on in small time frames in low overheads and bandwidth requirements. CBUS is an interconnected system of inputs (sensors) and outputs (controllers) used to allow automatic operation and control of machinery or processes such as environments that can make and execute decisions with or without human interface (MC-Wonders). CBUS uses a UTP cat 5 cable which allows each of its devices to interconnect within the system. The maximum total cable length per network cannot exceed more than 1000 meters with a system voltage of 15v D.C 36v D.C (across any node in a network). Its data rate is 3500 bits/second with 64 byte frames. Its bus contention method uses CSMA/CD with CA. CBUS transmit units and dimmers units connect to the main power supply and other switches/sensors which are used to control a buildings electrical service. The network is electrically isolated from the mains supply operating at a safe extra low voltage level of 36v DC. The CBUS system is develops continuously therefore making it practically unlimited. Networks of 100 units are larger installations which have been divided allowing the system to be managed in sections, up to 1000 meters of cables may be in installed in each network. The CBUS system can be as large or as small as a user prefers it to be and it does not only simplify the design of automations needed but limits potential faults which makes trouble shooting easier. CBUS responds too many of the following devices: Home entertainment audio visual, lighting control Security integrated security, lighting Comfort scene setting, dimming Convenience central point control from touch screens, automated time based control, multiple point control, automated messages CBUS is suitable for many different applications for example: Residential Automation Home entertainment audio visual, lighting control Security integrated security, lighting Comfort scene setting, dimming Convenience central point control from touch screens, automated time based control, multiple point control, automated messages Standalone room lighting control Via a touch screen user interface becomes automated for conference rooms and home theatres Many different scene and mood setting are available Commercial light control In a warehouse high bay control is used for energy saving costs Energy saving costs in high rise buildings is brought to minimum by using fluorescent lighting. For retails and restraints mood lighting is used to set a scene Flexible control of lighting and audio visual used in boardrooms For hotel foyers, ballrooms, etc architectural lighting control is used CBUS supports all multi room audio visuals with a full range of amplifiers and ceiling speakers which are all controlled by switches and touch screens. As all electrics have to return to one central panel it is very expensive to convert existing houses to use CBUS unless renovations are being made allowing reconfiguration. A switch which is placed in the boardroom is programmed with the CBUS group address. When the light switch is pressed an on command is sent to the group address of the CBUS. The command which was sent to the group address from the input switch is then sent on to the CBUS network or all units throughout the network. Only the programmed units respond to the command form the group address. Other units which have not been programmed to respond the message will ignore the command as it was not intended for them. This is only an overview of the flexibility and power of the CBUS system. When using a CBUS system each device has to have a CBUS connection including devices such as the mains power will obviously need connection to the mains. Wiring for the mains and CBUS do not need to be adjoining as the mains can be connected to a different phase or completely different system. Field bus system The advantages of a system include: Less complex installation: this means less hassle with wiring as it can be done through a bus that carries the messages Total ownership cost becomes less: reduced cabling and installation time, easy modification and upgrade and easy to fault find means reduced costs. Offers more flexibility: Each node is a micro controller which is programmable. Each node has its own intelligence making no 1 point of failure. CBUS can have a maximum of 255 sub networks, within each sub network there is a combination of input and output units a sub network allows a maximum of 100 units which can connect to a single sub network. When sub networks contain units it is essential to be able to give each unit a address, there are 4 main levels of addressing which are available for these units these are: 1. Network address This is assigned to each sub network with a 2 digit HEX value 2. Unit address This unit address identifies the individual unit for example light switch 3. Area address Allows division of a sub network, it also enable messages to be sent to areas by the units 4. Group address Really a less specific area addressing scheme, only allows maximum of 255 groups on a sub network. There are two main devices which are needed in order to set up a CBUS system. These are a power supply and a PC interface which is used for programming the units. Some of the advantages of CBUS system are: CBUS can forcefully and reliably control all the different systems with low costs per node. There are many different tools which are used to allow 3rd party companies to interface with both PC and embedded systems. One CBUS connection controls a unlimited number of devices CBUS is very flexible for switching and controlling, for example functions may be removed, changed, added or reprogrammed at any time without bulky hard-wiring through the network itself. Simple installation process CBUS is able to control all different types of load including load, digital and analogue. Some of the disadvantages of the CBUS system are: it can have only one distribution panel does not allow loop topologies each device has to return to one central panel each device has to have a CBUS connection CBUS and EIB Compared CBUS and EIB systems are used to control electrical devices in home and building environments for example both home systems can control lighting, dimmers, audio visuals and many other electrics. They also have the same topologies available which includes the bus topology, star topology and the hybrid topology. Neither of these systems can form loop topologies as this does not allow the system to have a valid distribution panel. The EIB system can only uses device to device communications as this allows data packet transmission between devices making connectionless communication whereas the CBUS system uses a network connection which is set up on each node through each sub network mask. This also means that the CBUS system can have as many devices linked to one distribution panel making it an unlimited as an EIB system can only have up to 64 devices on each line within each zone available. Each CBUS product has its own built-in microprocessor which allows each unit to be programmed individually. As each unit device is assigned a specific time frame great quantities of data can be passed in small frames. In an EIB system there can only be device to device communication as this allows data packet transmission between devices and connectionless communications, within the transport layer is creates a connection between both sender and receiver. Both EIB and CBUS systems have a maximum cable length per network which cannot exceed more than 1000 meters with system voltage of 15v DC 36v DC. CBUS has a maximum of 255 sub networks within which there is a combination of input and output units. Within sub network a maximum of 100 units can be connected to a single network. In an EIB system the twisted pair system can only have 15 zones within those zones there can only be a maximum of 12 lines. There can only be a maximum of 64 devices per line on a zone meaning there is limited space on the system. A typical scene situation: There are two lighting strips within an office. Lighting strip 1 is located by the window, lighting strip 2 by the wall. These lights can be switched on and off manually. If there is sufficient ambient light, the lighting strips are switched off and are locked (i.e., they cannot be switched back on again) automatic switching on again when darkness falls is not required but is manually possible. Before the start of a working day a timer automatically switches lighting strip 2 on to guarantee sufficient light level. This is the layout of the office with strip lights and touch switches and actuators A solution to this problem would be to get bus devices including 1 touch sensor to fold, 1 bus coupling module which will have a brightness sensor and timer (1 channel) which is din rail mounted, 1 controller again it should be din rail mounted, 1switchin actuator 2 fold and a din rail mounted devices installed in the distribution panel When an outside has sufficient light, the brightness sensor will automatically switch off lighting and lock it. In order for this operation to succeed the brightness sensor telegram (address 1/0/3) is AND (gate) linked with the touch sensor telegram (address 1/0/1). The output of the AND gate sends a message (address 1/0/6) to the switching actuator (1.1.4) which will switch lighting strip 1. To avoid the brightness automatically switching the light back on when it is darker the result of the linking (1/0/6), this is why when the sensor is switched off both inputs in the AND gate are set to 0. These are the parameter blocks which are used in the programming of the system: PRICE COMPARISON

Tata Motors International Business Strategy

Tata Motors International Business Strategy Tata Motors Tata motors is an Indians largest multi-holding company. It was established in 1945. This company caters to three market segment internationally. The passenger cars, Utility vehicles and commercial vehicles. The company produced the first mini-truck, first light and heavy vehicles and many more firsts in India, being an inventor in their industry. Tata motors has entered into strategic acquisition and joint ventures in its mid stage and launched new products at a rapid pace in various markets. Now a days, Tata motors enjoys the position of being Indians leading auto-mobile manufacturer with increasing presence in Europe, South East Asia, Africa, Australia, and the middle East with a total more of US $ 4 billion. The company focuses on providing customers the best value for their money meets European standards and environmental regulations through their advance technologies. A newer version of the car, named Indica V2, was a major improvement over the previous version and quickly beca me mass favourite. In United Kingdom a badge engineered version of this car was sold (Rover City Rover), which was big failure and declared the worst car ever driven on BBC Top Gear show. Tata motors also successfully exported large quantities of the cars in South Africa. The success of Indica in many ways marked the rise of Tata Motors. The proposal will include the current position of Tata motors and its international expansion, what are the things they have done to be successful? What are their weaknesses? How can they improve. Marketing factors effecting Tata motors. The companys Swot analysis, its Boston matrix, Its market planning and strategy will all be included in the proposal. (Yadong Lou 1999) suggests International Expansion is a process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global-spanning network of communication and trade. This report would not only define how Tata motors and tea expanded internationally but also what are the reasons of organisations to globalise, how complex this expansion is actually as it may seems to be mouth watering because of high profits and economies of scale but in practise it is not that easy. It is important to understand why Tata Motors did expand, though companies in the international arenas have experienced many benefits, however the complexity of the international business also brings a lot of risk with it. For Tata motors to justify international business activities, therefore, relied on the below reasons. International customers : Tata motors wanted to continue serving his customers who became international. To make them feel the same as when they were in the home country. New expanded market : New different market was available outside their home country; additional resources including management, skills just to name the few. Increase sales: Tata motors wanted to increase the sales of his vehicles. Because of this they had to go into markets where consumers had a very strong purchasing power. And also to industrialise courtiers where products such as heavy commercial vehicles were needed or demanded. Generally international expansion is not easy as it may sound since many factors have to be taken in to account. For example Tata motors started from India with an international view but faced problems like political new countrys legislation and laws. For example Nanos launch in October maybe delayed due to political issues related to plant land. Reference Free research report for 1Q 09 results. It should be taken in to account that Plant of Tata motors in India would be much more cost beneficial rather than a plant in Europe as there would be a difference in minimum wage laws. So to decide where a plant should be build lot of thinking is required. Economic factors were also taken in to account, since different countries would have different per annum income of the people hence to produce cars that would be affordable. Recession has not hit the third world countries as such but has hit European countries to much more effect so different international strategy is required. One of the reasons of Tata motors success is that they faced such challenges successfully. As it is shown above Tata motors expanded with consideration of a lot of factors and proved to be successful. To understand the concept it is important to know how did they market their products, what their planning was? What marketing strategy did they use. Marketing: Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customer in return. Tata motors market their product differently when producing in different regions. (Gary Armstrong 2009) Market targeting is a process of evaluating each market segments attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. Segmentation is dividing into distinct groups of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviour and who might require separate products or marketing programmes. As the Tata Group is a worldwide concern operating in more than 100 countries with thousands of products, there is almost no industry which seems to be untouched by the group. The focus of Tatas market entry will be UK. There were several reasons for selecting UK as the target market. These favourable factors were the status of India as the favourable economic agent, UK Car market dynamics and potential, language similarity. The other countries which were considered as potentially attractive were: the USA the largest market size in the world, Russia emerging market with significant sales potential. The option of the USA as target market was declined due to extremely high quality require ments and other non-tariff barriers which make it hard for a new entrant to enter this market ÂÂ   (Roger A. Kerin 1994) Through strategic planning, the company decides what it wants to do with each business unit. Market planning involves deciding on market strategies that will help the company attain its overall strategic objectives. A detailed marketing plan is essential for each business, product or brand. The plan begins with an executive summary, which quickly overviews major assessments, goals and recommendations. Tata Nano is the cheapest car in the world. It is sold in home country India around Rs 1-lakh i.e. approximately USD 2000. Tata Nano was first launched in India on 1st April 2009 and expected to be in Indian market by July 2009. Since launching, it has created a huge buzz all over India. Within the first two days of lunching, it has received 5500 booking. The figures keep increasing every day since the launching. What makes Tata Nano so cheap? Basically, by making things smaller, lighter, do away with superficial parts and change the materials wherever possible without compromising the safety and environmental compliance. It is said that Tata Nano has better mileage than Toyota Prius and same gas emission as a scooter. The planning of this car is that it will be imported to Malaysia in parts by Tata motors and is assembled in its two assembly plants. There are forty sale offices in Peninsular Malaysia nationwide. All Tata Nano cars will be distributed through these sale offices only. Order can be made vide these distribution centres or its web site. (Robert.E) Market strategy: Market strategy outlines the broad marketing logic by which the business hopes to achieve its marketing objectives and the specifics of targets markets, positioning, and marketing expenditure levels. How will the company the company create value for customers in order to capture value from customers in return? This section also outlines specific strategies for each marketing mix element and explains how each responds to the threats, opportunities and critical issues spelled out earlier in the plan. Product: Over the years Tata Motors have been successful in creating their brand image especially they use some famous stars as their spokesman. Other important marketing strategies are such as the packaging, innovations, and quality control. Tata Motors provide many innovative features to attract car lover. One of these innovations is the Tata Safari 4X4 Decor that has Reverse Guide System. A weather-proof camera is fixed to the rear car to help the driver while reversing the car. Pricing strategy: There are number of factors to determine the price of the car. Factors include like market condition for example it cannot be too low or too high with the prices of same vehicles of the competitors. Giving discount every month and special promotion for certain type of vehicle also one of the strong strategy use by Tata Motors. Discount can be made from Companys profit or from dealers profit at certain range. Place: It includes the company activities that make the product available to target customers. Channels of distributions, locations and sales is usually adopted. Vehicle should be distributed in a systematic way, from the plant to dealership and to end user. Tata Motors has an extensive dealer network covering Indian and International markets. Wherever you are, there is a Tata Motors Sales and Service dealership close to you Promotion: Personal selling: There is cold calling to customer, this is done by collection of customer data bases done by the sales officers. Hence there is minimum personal selling involved. Advertising is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor. It is designed to promote the sale of a product or service. The various media that can be used for advertising are T.V, Newspaper, Magazines, Hoardings, and Internet etc. Tata Motors is responsible for the advertising of its products. The dealer conducts point-of-purchase displays to advertise the products. The advertisements done by the Co. help the dealer to capitalize on the market. Advertising is often used to make consumers aware of a products special low price or its benefits. But an even more important function of advertising is to create an image that consumers associate with a product, known as the brand image. The brand image goes far beyond the functional characteristics of the product. The products of Tata Motors have many special characteristics to them, but when consumers think of it, they not only think of its features, but they may also associa te it with quality, performance, and class. All of these meanings have been added to the product by advertising Sales promotion is a short term incentive to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service. Its purpose is to supplement and coordinate advertising and personal selling. It is designed to persuade consumers to purchase immediately by providing special incentives to them for example extra product, prizes or gifts. During festivals such as diwali customers are given festive discounts. Public relations is building good relations with the companys various publics by obtaining favorable publicity, building a good corporate image, and handling or heading off unfavorable rumors, stories and events. The Co. takes serious measures to maintain good public relations. The Co. follows business ethics to ensure that the customer is satisfied and receives good service whenever and wherever he desires.(Edmund Jerome McCarthy). SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT analysis helps a firm in strategy formulation, in responding strategically to the environment, the goal is to reduce identified threats and take advantage of the best opportunities. The following is the SWOT analysis of Tata motors Strengths The internationalisation strategy so far has been to keep local managers in new acquisitions, and to only transplant a couple of senior managers from India into the new market. The benefit is that Tata has been able to exchange expertise. For example after the Daewoo acquisition the Indian company leaned work discipline and how to get the final product right first time. The company has a strategy in place for the next stage of its expansion. Not only is it focusing upon new products and acquisitions, but it also has a programme of intensive management development in place in order to establish its leaders for tomorrow. The company has had a successful alliance with Italian mass producer Fiat since 2006. This has enhanced the product portfolio for Tata and Fiat in terms of production and knowledge exchange. For example, the Fiat Palio Style was launched by Tata in 2007, and the companies have an agreement to build a pick-up targeted at Central and South America. Weaknesses The companys passenger car products are based upon 3rd and 4th generation platforms, which put Tata Motors Limited at a disadvantage with competing car manufacturers. Despite buying the Jaguar and Land Rover brands (see opportunities below); Tata has not got a foothold in the luxury car segment in its domestic, Indian market. Is the brand associated with commercial vehicles and low-cost passenger cars to the extent that it has isolated itself from lucrative segments in a more aspiring India? Opportunities In the summer of 2008 Tata Motors announced that it had successfully purchased the Land Rover and Jaguar brands from Ford Motors for UK Â £2.3 million. Two of the Worlds luxury car brand have been added to its portfolio of brands, and will undoubtedly off the company the chance to market vehicles in the luxury segments. Tata Motors Limited acquired Daewoo Motors Commercial vehicle business in 2004 for around USD $16 million. Nano is the cheapest car in the World retailing at little more than a motorbike. Whilst the World is getting ready for greener alternatives to gas-guzzlers, is the Nano the answer in terms of concept or brand? Incidentally, the new Land Rover and Jaguar models will cost up to 85 times more than a standard Nano! The new global track platform is about to be launched from its Korean (previously Daewoo) plant. Again, at a time when the World is looking for environmentally friendly transport alternatives, is now the right time to move into this segment? The answer to this question (and the one above) is that new and emerging industrial nations such as India, South Korea and China will have a thirst for low-cost passenger and commercial vehicles. The range of Super Milo fuel efficient buses are powered by super-efficient, eco-friendly engines. The bus has optional organic clutch with booster assist and better air intakes that will reduce fuel consumption by up to 10%. Threats Other competing car manufacturers have been in the passenger car business for 40, 50 or more years. Therefore Tata Motors Limited has to catch up in terms of quality and lean production. Sustainability and environmentalism could mean extra costs for this low-cost producer. This could impact its underpinning competitive advantage. Obviously, as Tata globalises and buys into other brands this problem could be alleviated. Since the company has focused upon the commercial and small vehicle segments, it has left itself open to competition from overseas companies for the emerging Indian luxury segments. For example ICICI bank and DaimlerChrysler have invested in a new Pune-based plant which will build 5000 new Mercedes-Benz per annum. Other players developing luxury cars targeted at the Indian market include Ford, Honda and Toyota. In fact the entire Indian market has become a target for other global competitors including Maruti Udyog, General Motors, Ford and others. Rising prices in the global economy could pose a threat to Tata Motors Limited on a couple of fronts. The price of steel and aluminium is increasing putting pressure on the costs of production. Many of Tatas products run on Diesel fuel which is becoming expensive globally and within its traditional home market. These all factors held lot of importance for Tata motors to expand inte rationally. (Peter Jackson 1982). The strategic positioning of an organization admits the inventing the desired future position of the organization on the groundwork of present and predictable exploitations, and the constructing of programs to realize that positioning. Strategic positioning can be analysed by Porters SWOT analysis approach and Boston Consultants Group (BCG) Matrix (See Figure 2). BCG Product portfolio matrix indicates the Cash Cows refers to the industries with a high market share and low growth such as Power (Energy), Steel and Oil Gas. Dogs refer the industries with low market share and low growth such as Tata Sky, Tata Tele services etc. the stars shows the industries such as Automotive, Tea, and Chemicals with high market share and high growth. However; the each industry position in the matrix is an opportunity open to business (Sutherland and Canwell, 2004, p 16; Stacy, 1993, pp 48-49, Thompson, 2002). For example; in cash cows, Tatas acquisition with Corus (UK) and gained a big share of market . In stars Tatas acquisition of Daewoo (Korea) and achieved a high market share in the Korean automobile market. Figure: 2 Tata motors takes in to account the value proportion of what is proposed in the market and also make sure that target customers segments also are addressed by the value proposition. For example; the Tatas recent announcement, of launching the cheapest cars for the Indian market for the target market of two wheeler owners such as motorcycle and scooter. Tata motors has developed effective distribution channels to reach the customers and to develop relationship with them (David Mercer)It is very important for a company like Tata motors which is a global company that it considers its environment before beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. The macro environments that can affect Tata motors include political, economical, Socio cultural and technological factors. Political arena: Political arena can have a lot of influence upon the regulation of businesses and also one the spending power of the consumers and other businesses. The political factors that can affect Tata motors are, strong tax incentives for inbound investors, different countries would have different laws so company has to take in to account what they are dealing with, strong motivation and trust, there was a negative effect on the IT industry after 2009 because the governments initiative of Tax holiday under STPI expires (Thinking street 2007) In order to be successful marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy both in the long and short term. It would be essential when Tata motors plan to do international marketing. As interest rates, Inflation, employment level per capita and gross domestic product per capita would all play important roles. Tata motors would also be affected by competitive labour cost model and highly mobile work force. Social and cultural factors: Social and cultural factors influence the business varies from country to country. It includes factors like, dominant religion in the area? The attitudes to foreign products and services? How much effect language has upon the diffusion of products onto markets. Technology: Technology is one thing which is very important in the car industry. Since technology will give Tata motors a competitive advantage over others and is a major driver of globalisation. For example technology can allow the products to be made cheaply hence reducing cost and increasing revenues, It offers new innovative products to the consumers that will make sure that the product dont get obsolete, Tata motors internet site provides all the information about the cars, 3d view and videos can be seen making information easily accessible to the consumers. It also adds the concept of customer relationship manager who will be in touch with the consumers even after the car has been purchased. Thus consumer will feel themselves part of the organisation. So to be competitive Tata motors have to do strong R D culture and facilities, strong tie-ups with western technology companies and be adaptive to new technologies. The various motives behind buying an automobile are Need, Prestige, Comfort, Fashion, Jealousy and Novelty. The R D Department continuously strives to bring new innovations in their product. Tatas have an industrial experience of over 100 years and they are well known with the Psychology of Indian customers, who desire more at less price. This experience has helped them to develop products which fulfil the expectations of Indian consumers. Porters 5 Forces Analysis: Porters 5 forces analysis deals with the factors outside an industry that influence the nature of competition within it. According to Porter (1985), competition is at the core of the success or failure of firms. The intensity of rivalry will determine the extent to which competing companies will give away the value that they have created. They will either pass this value to the buyer in lower prices or it will be absorbed by higher costs of competing (Porter, 1991). Michael Porter has provided a framework that models an industry being influenced by the five forces which will give below. That helps the strategic business manager to develop an edge over rival firms as this model helps in understanding the industry context in which firms operate. Figure 1 shows the five forces model: Barriers to Entry: Time and cost of entry: When launching a product time is the most essential thing. The launch of NANO is a good example since demand for small cars is on the rise of the market. Cost of entry actually means the initial capital that would be required to setup a new firm is very high. Knowledge and technology: It is from knowledge and technology that firms get competitive advantage over others. Tata motors have great knowledge and technology because of the experience they had and also from the fact that they have done few mergers and acquisitions over the last few years. Product differentiation and cost advantage: The new products should be attractive and different to be accepted by customers. Attractiveness can be measured by feature, price etc. NANO car price is one of its things which are very attractive for customers at the moment. Buyers: Switching costs: In the case of NANO the switching cost from bike to car is high. Thus increasing the demand of the car. Number of customers: Few buyers can dictate their terms. The bargaining power of buyer is higher if there are a lot of choices available to the buyers. In the case of NANO the price tag that it has got no compromise have been done at front. Brand Image: The brand image of Tata company is one of their strength in the market. Suppliers: Number of size of suppliers: Suppliers give raw material to the company, if there are few suppliers then they can set high prices to capture the profit. The NANO car has 128 suppliers in all. Unique product/service: Suppliers industry is dominated by few substitutes. Some parts of the Tata motor cars are obtained from few suppliers and limited substituted are available to their product. Competitive Rivalry: Price competition: Advertising battles can increase the demand in the industry, but may be costly to small competitors. NANO is the only player so it has the price competition but as the Maruti and Honda are planning to launch a car in the same segment so price competition will start. Product quality and number of diversity of competition also effect the competitive rivalry. (Charles Hill 2009)Strategies can be made but the real thing is to make sure that theory works in practicality, for this purpose monitoring and evaluation system is used for an organisation to have a check on policies and procedures through out the time. If an organisation does not care about how well it is doing or about what impacts it is having, why bother to do it at all? Monitoring and evaluation allows you to assess the quality and impact of your work, against your action plans and your strategic plan. In order for monitoring and evaluation to be really valuable, you do need to have planned well Conclusion: Given the intensity of competition and fast changing business environment in the segment, the world over, the acquisition, undoubtedly, is a strategic fit for Tata motors, as far as its globalization gambit is concerned. And, the number one spot, which it is aiming at, may not be far away. But of course, it would have to put its best cup forward. The hybrid strategy is used by the company in various industries, it involved a higher degree of organisational excellence and integration of all the departments. Here the strategy of the group is to maintain the cost of raw materials as lowest as possible and to achieve the lowest cost of final products. The group also invested a huge amount in research and development in order to achieve the highest degree of quality at the lowest price.

Vegetarianism Essay -- Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Friday evening. You decided to have a dinner with your friends at the new restaurant. You are promptly seated at the table in a corner and are given menus. Happy mood helps to enjoy the evening. What a varied menu you have here: juicy burgers, foot-long sandwiches, salads, steaks, grilled ribs in barbecue sauce, grilled chicken ... Oh, wait! You are a vegetarian. You are not allowed to eat meat. Your evening is destroyed. Your friends are laughing at you while you’re finishing the second plate of salad, while they are playing with pork ribs. You’ve already prepared to listen to their jokes about vegetarians and answer multiple questions why you stopped eating meat. The situation above often occurred to me. Before I chose a restaurant, I tried to find out what food was served there. I was vegetarian for over five years. And all these five years I ate no fish, no meat, no chicken, but only vegetables, fruits, nuts and cereals. I thought such an abundance of nutrient was sufficient for my organism, but my body was saying otherwise. A few months later, after the rejection of meat food and consumption of vegetables only, I started to feel the malnutrition. Hunger followed me constantly. Despite the fact that I could eat a lot, a half an hour later, I was so hungry and had to look for something else to eat. Then, health problems began. Depression, emotional imbalance, fatigue, weakness, apathy, poor sleep – this was just a small list of disorders that I have gained by eating vegetables. When I stopped eating meat, I didn’t know what it was like to be a vegetarian. I wasn’t aware of what I should have eaten and how. During this lo ng five years, I learned a lot about vegetarianism and found out it’s not even close to what people think i... ...rom harmful thoughts and teaches the discipline and the patience. It’s important to remember that vegetarianism is a short-term diet and should not be extended over a long period of time. Otherwise, it will bring harm and destruction to the body. Vegetarianism taught me a good lesson. I began to feel my body and to listen to its signals. I am pleased to share my experiences with my friends. I try to show them the pros and cons of this diet. Smart people learn in someone’s mistake. I wasn’t smart enough and started five-year long experiment to understand how it’s like to be a vegetarian. At the end of my â€Å"journey†, I came up to conclusion that good nutrition should be diversified. We can not live without vegetables, eating only meat and vice versa. We need to combine meat products with plant food in order to maintain healthy lifestyle and enjoy our lives in full.

Black Rain :: essays research papers

BLACK RAIN by Masuji Ibuse The main character in the novel is in some ways like myself. Mr. Shizuma is a person that is intrigued by many things and likes to see what reaction people have from any action. Throughout the novel he feels the need to go to different parts of the city and surrounding communities in order to see the effects of the unknown bomb. Mr. Shizuma was not only interested in what happened to the people of the community but he was also interested in finding out what the weapon used was called and made out of. There were different names given to the bomb throughout the book and he sums up the names in one paragraph, The name of the bomb had already undergone a number of changes, from the initial â€Å"new weapon† through â€Å"new-type bomb,† â€Å"secret weapon,† â€Å"special new-type bomb,† to â€Å"special high-capacity bomb.† That day, I learned for the first time to call it an â€Å"atomic bomb.† (Black Rain 282) The importance of the name of the bomb may seem ineffectual, but he seems to dwell on finding out what caused this type of destruction. Something else that Mr. Shizuma wants to do is remember every little detail about what happens to everything from what angle the house was on after the bomb to what his wife cooked for dinner with the food rationing. He even likes to write how people cured themselves of radiation sickness and what the burns and other injuries look and act like. These things are like myself in the fact that he does not like to forget what things are like, wants to see first hand what the effects are, and is very interested in finding information about new things that he has never seen before. He also likes to help people greatly such as his constant wanderings looking for coal for his community. If you were depended on would you help your community? I think so. The theme that is very meaningful to me is that war hurts two different parts of a country. The first is the military, which was not really talked about, and then there is the civilians. The civilians must ration food so that the military can eat, and then they must also suffer because the bomb that was dropped was not meant for any military base but to destroy and kill a city. The theme is clear in meaning that it hurts the civilians much more than it hurts the military and that war is very, very cruel. The people that were rationing had very little to eat and that amount

Arfa Batik Essay

From the backyard of the founders house, our exclusive hand drawn batik is now a multi million ringgit industry with markets as far ranging as Europe and the Middle East. Our batik fashion house or haute couture combines contemporary design and traditional Malay motifs into batik of simple elegance, and are very much sought out by discerning customers from around the world. WHAT WE DO We are involve in various batik production processes from manufacturing from printing, colouring/dyeing, designing and tailoring, wholesaling, exporting to retailing of our batik products. We seek to open a chain of Noor Arfa Batik retail throughout the world through franchising. Noor Arfa is Malaysian’s largest commercial Batek producer. Noor Arfa has built a reputation as the leading manufacturer of superior hand – drawn fashion items and accessories. We also train and develop master craftsmen that consistently produce quality with excellence. We stand out as leader in our industry in the way we have perfected the art of combining distinct colour with classic designs and traditional Malay motives, to create Batek of simple elegance. The Market Noor Arfa Franchise operates in a dynamic and evolving marketplace. Consumers are presented with many options for batik textile and we see a growing interest in fashionable and contemporary batik that address the need to be trendy and yet unique in identity. We find our customers desiring the look that is Malaysian and yet global in application. Noor Arfa addresses this gap in the market by providing a more comprehensive product range that addresses the various needs of the different segment of the market for batik wear and textile. Our customers would also not have to worry about quality as we provide a consistent buying experience with our quality policy which is to produce excellent quality product that satisfy our customer needs. We also believe there are other areas of the market that would benefit from our products which we have not yet targeted. For example we see huge potential in offering our product to the trendy and fashionable young market which is looking for cool and â€Å"in† fashion wear. This is an area of the market that is fully aware of the benefits of self identity and yet contemporary.

Science Health and Wellness

have-to doe with Level Material Six Dimensions of wellness Worksheet Part 1 For all(prenominal) of the chase six proportions of wellness, list at least one characteristic, activity, belief, or attitude that reflects that dimension in your life. Provide a apprize explanation with to from each one one example. Refer to Ch. 1 in the text for explanations of these dimensions. bodily health Gaining weight so you need to exercise. creation go forth of shape bears your heart and bones. winning cargon of yourself and exercising avails the heart also. well-disposed health Interacting with others fellows etc exit servicing you ease your intellectual and wear some street false yourself for example you are having issues in your kinship with your boyfriend talking to a friend will ease the stress and help you not do something and or help you take care of yourself. Intellectual health Learning new things and expanding your top dog is a real good thing. As you observe new thing you gage take care of yourself and you also keep your melodic theme flowing instead of just stuck in one situation.Environmental health Getting step forward of the house and not stuck doing nothing which will also give you exercise is really(prenominal) respectable just same the lie gives your body some vitamins which is also healthy. randy health is important because if you mountt have good emotional health you can do something damaging to yourself like suicide or even something harmful towards others. Spiritual health In call up in something such as idol or something like that is always good.In believe in something it gives you a positive panorama in things and helps you cope with things. Part 2 In approximately 125 to cc words, describe health and wellness in your own words using the ideas and concepts for each of the six dimensions of health. I believe that each one of these is very important. I listed things in the things above which to me are important. Fir st Physical wellness is important cause if you dont keep your body healthy youre going to get yourself very sick or worst.You damage yourself each and every day when you dont do something for your body like exercise. Social wellness is interacting with friends and associating yourself with others which helps you get your feelings out and helps that you are not alone which also is connected into emotional health. A lot of lot that has bad emotional issues can hurt them and or hurt others which then can also tie into intellectual health.If you direct and expand yourself with new things you can also help yourself be positive and inculcate yourself new things. There is also spiritual health which will help you believe in something other then what is well-nigh you like going to church or whatever your religion shall be. It helps you clear . your mind and gives you a positive boost you capacity needs. Environmental health helps you get out of the house so youre not stuck and get invo lved in things.

A comparison of three songs of Brecht’s “Mother Courage and her Children” with the parados and 3rd stasimon of Sophocles’ “Antigone”

The play, draw Courage and her Children was create verb on the wholey by Bertolt Brecht in 1939 as an anti macrocosm War II play. Antigone, by Sophocles, was written someplace between 400 and 500 B.C and berates or so the debate between family laws and state laws in the family of a popular drama.Through analyzing the three nervous strains The fraternization melody (scene 3), The bird poesy of the Wise and the Good (scene 9) and The Song of the Hours (scene3), it will be seen that these songs can be contrasted with the parados and third base stasimon of the play Antigone.The Fraternisation Song is a song of caution voiced by Yvette, the campy prostitute, to the naive Kattrin. Yvette denounces the opportunistic faade of de sapless in and the foolishness of tactual sensation in the higher concepts of love. In the foremost stanza consisting of 12 lines, Yvette portrays her deflowering by the enemy. The three types of rhyming patterns ar abcb, aabb and abba. In the second stanza of 12 lines, Yvette gives us a close at hand(predicate) look at the idiocy when she gave herself up to the camp cook and saw other girls do the same. The third stanza of 12 lines relates the birth of recognition and understanding in Yvette as it dawns upon her that war brings nothing but melancholic and disaster in its wake. She describes how men condescended with her impulses of love and how love was twisted to rape towards December. The month December is an parable for the departure of the soldiers as well as the going of innocence. There is grief and a sense of irritating loss etched in those two voice communication December came. Her song brings to light the customary futility of contravene and the personal loss of her innocence. The second and third stanzas ensue the same rhyming pattern as the first.The Song of the Wise and the Good boldly criticises and ridicules legalitys during times of war. The first stanza of 10 lines is a simple tale of the apt Solomon who was acclaimed for his lofty predilectionls and his throne standardised position in a higher place the littleness of mortals. The first stanza goes on to tell the readers how Solomon was undercut down because of his wisdom. The second stanza of 10 lines describes Julius Caesars mighty make out from his invulnerability due to his reckless courage. The third stanza of 10 lines shows the last of Socrates because of his honesty. Death because of altruism is seen in the death of the unfortunate martin in the fourth stanza. The fifth stanza jests at the essence of the Ten Commandments and the precarious position that religion occupies. All the stanzas follow the rhyming patterns abcc, ab and abab. passim the song, the following four lines act as a necessary refrain to reinforce the idea that virtues are unreliable during warBut ere night came and daytime did goThe concomitant was clear to everyoneIt was our wisdom/ valor/honesty/unselfishness/ matinee idolliness that brought u s low. check for you if you have none.The Song of the Hours consists of 10 stanzas of 4 lines each. The song is presented by the hapless Chaplain which talks about saviour Christ and the Crucification. The song describes how savior was condemned of murder in the 1st hour by Pilate the heathen and by and by taken to King Hesiod. In the tertiary hour, saviour is flogged mercilessly and the mockery of a crown make of thorns was placed on his head and a dissemble flung over his body. The 6th hour recounts the Crucification and Jesus plight and his regular mockery by bandits resigned to the same fate. The scene is so cruel that even daylight looks away. In the 9th hour, Jesus gives up his soul and miracles are seen. The most arouse aspects of the song are the last two stanzas which talk about Jesus maltreatment by the heathens who laugh at this simple son of man The song, in context of the play, reminds the readers of the at hand(predicate) death of Swiss Cheese who is compared to Jesus in this regard. It tells us that war reveals all the blood and dialog box and the ugliness of society and any(prenominal) semblance towards watcher is mutilated.All three songs from the play bring to light one aspect of the play. They are all reminders to Mother Courage of war bringing along agents of close and mayhem in its wake. moreover, not even a drop of profit can be wrenched from a time of war it tends to suck in all virtues and innocence.The parados in Antigone highlights the events that have occurred till the moment of the creation of the choir and the present situation. The let out talks about the battle between the seven commanders of Argos and seven heroes of Thebes extracurricular its seven gates. The Chorus claim that victory was foreseen as Zeus and Ares had themselves lent a hand towards their aid. The Chorus also notes with misery the death of the brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices. Finally the Chorus harks for peace and forgetfulness. There is also a general stir as they have no idea why they are summoned to council by the new king, Creon.The tertiary stasimon projects the theme of Love as an evil entity. Eros, predict of passion, is omnipresent and omnipotent. No man or god can resist its allure. The tertiary stasimon records how love sticks beings to chimerical actions and fires them up into activity. The third stasimon underscores the fact that Antigone, a fille of Oedipus, had committed treachery because of the love of her brother.The parados and the songs are twain lyrical pieces which relate to war. However, unlike the ridicule of virtue and the loss of innocence which revolve as themes, the parados applauds and glorifies the notion of war. Lines such as he flew over the refine/Screaming like an eagle and Too very much for him as he fought/The dragon of Thebes adds an appealing calibre of myth and heroism to war. The stark contrast is perspicuous in The Song of the Hours in which the lines And the blood and p issing ran/And they laughed at Jesus tells us that the best of intentions and sacrifices involve nothing to minds fed by war. The concentration of the parados is on war itself whereas the songs examine lateral themes as a consequence of war. The other point to note is the fact that there is a sight of victory and virtues like forgetfulness are broached and seen with optimism. The songs shun notions of victory and virtue.The 3rd stasimon condemns the idea of love as an unpardonable feeling which drives men to recklessness. However the contrast is seen when love is feared and tending(p) a godlike stature whereas the songs treat any semblance to virtue like dirt. Love is, clearly, laughed at. Moreover the physical objects of criticism are not similar as love does not entirely constitute a virtue. There is an underlying similarity seen in the 3rd stasimon and The Song of the Wise and the Good. Virtues and love drive men and women to commit recklessness which sentence their mankind to the doldrums consequently. Yvette and Antigone are clear examples. In the 3rd stasimon, love as a flaw is the object of focus whereas in the songs the idiotic behaviour is brought to light. both the 3rd stasimon and the songs look at criticism just the songs view the object with ridicule whereas the 3rd stasimon criticizes with prostrate reverence.